In the years before World War II, the powerful American Federation of Musicians prohibited records from being played on the radio in the States. The union had no problem with records being sold to consumers or being played on jukeboxes. Consumers paid for the right to play them at home as often as they wished, and jukeboxes required nickles each time records were played. The union received a piece of that action.
Radio airplay, however, was a problem, since money and clout were at stake. The union's contention was that musicians were paid only once to make a record. Yet playing that record over and over on the radio for free while collecting ad dollars was unfair. Neither the musicians nor the union benefited from the records' repeated broadcast. That was the money side of things. As for clout, the airplay of records would eliminate the need for radio stations and venues to hire musicians. Unemployed musicians depressed union membership and dues, which in turn would compromise the union's financial standing and its bargaining power in Congress.
By default, prohibiting the airplay of records forced radio stations in the pre-war years to employ orchestras to provide listeners with music. Not until the settlement of two recording bans in 1944 and 1948, when the union was paid a percentage of sales by record labels, were radio stations free to play recorded music. As the airplay of records increased in the late '40s and '50s, the need for musicians playing in radio studios declined and radio orchestras fizzled out b the late 1950s.
In Europe, however, particularly in Germany and Scandinavia, where radio was controlled by the government and jazz was admired, radio orchestras grew in popularity once post-war economies were back on their feet and government-controlled stations received subsidies.
One of Europe's finest radio jazz orchestras is the Danish Radio Big Band. Founded in 1964, the band has had a rich and glorious history. Not only are the musicians first rate but the band frequently collaborated with American jazz expatriates and musicians passing through Denmark on tour. A six-CD set, The Danish Radio Big Band: A Good Time Was Had By All (Storyville), illustrates the band's recording legacy. The set features a sampling of tracks from many of the band's previously released albums on the Storyville label.
Here's how the box's six CDs stack up...
- The Early Years: 1964-1974
- Thad Jones 1978-First U.K. Tour 1987
- At Home and Abroad 1991-1996
- Django Bates, Bob Brookmeyer & Elaine Elias, Australia 1997
- Silvana Malta, Niels Jørgen Steen, Martial Solal 1997-1999
- Thomas Clausen, Palle Mikkelborg, Jim McNeely & Michel Camilo 1999-2001 & 2014
The recordings include guest turns by Stan Kenton, Ben Webster, Thad Jones, Ernie Wilkins, singer Georgie Fame, Bob Brookmeyer, Art Farmer, Eliane Elias, Phil Woods, Martial Solal, Michel Camilo and others. Particularly noteworthy are the Webster tracks—Things Ain't What They Used to Be, Cry Me a River, Stompy Jones, Webster's Did You Call Her Tonight, Old Folks and Bojangles. Webster's breathy, sobbing tenor saxophone combined with the sensitivity of the band's arrangements were a perfect match.
Among the other highlights are the Thad Jones tracks, which shimmer with his arrangements' brassy sophistication. Also spectacular is Eliane Elias's One Side of You, with Elias on piano backed by Bob Brookmeyer's arrangement. Another favorite is Bill Evans's Show-Type Tune played by pianist Jim McNeely and the orchestra. The latter track comes from The Danish Radio Jazz Orchestra and Jim McNeely Play Bill Evans.
The only problem with this fabulous box is that you may want to buy several of the individual albums from which these tracks originated. There's worse ways to spend money.
JazzWax tracks: You'll find The Danish Radio Big Band: A Good Time Was Had By All (Storyville) here.
You'll also find the set as individual albums at Spotify.
JazzWax clips: Here's Ben Webster soloing on Cry Me a River...
Here's Eliane Elias playing Bob Brookmeyer's arrangement of Just Kiddin'...
And here's pianist Jim McNeely playing Bill Evans's Show-Type Tune...