If a tuba married a trombone, their kids would be baritone horns. As former high-school band members may recall, the baritone looks like a tuba that was left in the drier too long, and its sound is most akin to the valve trombone. Not many musicians played the instrument in jazz ensembles, since other horns can do the job more easily. Trumpeter Doug Mettome played it on Urbie Green's Urbie Green Septet in 1953. [Photo above of Gus Mancuso]
Others who played the baritone horn on jazz recording sessions were Dick Lieb on Kai Winding's Trombone Sound in 1956, Bob Enevoldsen on Kenneth Patchen's Poetry & Jazz in 1958, James Haughton on Art Farmer's Brass Shout in 1959, Dave Wells on Jimmy Hamilton's Swing Low, Sweet Clarinet in 1960, Charles Greenlee on Slide Hampton's Somethin' Sanctified in 1960 and Al Grey on Al Grey-Billy Mitchell Sextet in 1961. And there were others.
One of the only jazz musicians to lead a recording session on the instrument was Gus Mancuso. Born and raised in Rochester, N.Y., Mancuso began playing drums at age 11before switching to trombone. He had five brothers who also were musicians, and he began playing the baritone horn in the Army band. After his discharge, Mancuso caught the ear of vibist Cal Tjader, who brought him to the attention of Fantasy Records in San Francisco.
Tjader (above) arranged Mancuso's first album in 1956, Introducing Gus Mancuso. Mancuso recorded only one other leadership album, Music for New Faces, also for Fantasy, in 1958. Mancuso doubled on piano, bass, trumpet, trombone and vibes, and he recorded intermittently as a pianist and bassist with Sarah Vaughan, Billy Eckstine, Quincy Jones and Carl Fontana.
Like most albums of the period, these two for Fantasy swing like crazy, are together and are quite tasty. For Introducing Gus Mancuso, there were three sessions and three different exceptional groups. On I'm Glad There Is You, The Ruble and the Yen and Goody Goody, the quartet featured Mancuso (bar-hrn), Gerald Wiggins (p), Eugene Wright (b) and Bill Douglass (d).
On Ev'ry Time, By the Way, How Do You Like Your Eggs in the Morning and Every Time We Say Goodbye, the quartet included Mancuso (bar-hrn), Eddie Duran (g), Eugene Wright (b) and Cal Tjader (d).
Finally, on Brother Aintz, You and Me and Baby Makes Three and A Hatful of Dandruff, the band featured Richie Kamuca (ts), Gus Mancuso (bar-hrn), Vince Guaraldi (p), Eugene Wright (b) and Cal Tjader (d).
The followup album, Music From New Faces, featured Joe Romano (ts), Gus Mancuso (bar-hrn), Pete Jolly (p), Red Mitchell (b) and Buddy Greve (d).
Given how good these two albums are, it's hard to understand why Mancuso wasn't more widely recorded as a leader. It's also odd there's so little about Mancuso online. In all likelihood, Mancuso dropped the baritone horn, picked up the bass and moved the family to warmer Las Vegas, where there were plenty of gig opportunities.
According to Peter Levin, Mancuso is still active in Las Vegas on piano: "He's a regular performer at the Bootlegger and is on the board of the Las Vegas Jazz Society, and appears to be a much-loved figure in the Las Vegas jazz world. There are YouTube videos of his quartet Jazzology, as well as a few of him solo."
The good news is we have two albums by this unheralded multi-instrumentalist who at this point in the 1950s was playing the baritone horn with enormous polish and spirit.
JazzWax tracks: You'll find both albums mentioned above on a single Fantasy release called Gus Mancuso & Special Friends here.
JazzWax clips: Here's Vince Guaraldi's Hatful of Dandruff from Introducing Gus Mancuso...
And here's Guess Who I Saw Today, from Music for New Faces, with Pete Jolly laying down some fine Red Garland-flavored piano...